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Saqsawaman, Overlooking Cuzco, 1989. The religious-military complex of Saqsawaman has overlooked the former Inca capital of Cuzco for nearly five centuries. When first seen by the Spaniards in 1533, Cuzco housed a population of some 100,000, and was the largest city in South America. Although Inca mythology attributes Cuzco’s founding to Manco Qhapaq in time immemorial, the Inca Pachakuti remodeled it into an imperial city by in the early 15th century. Modern Cuzco remains a partially Indian city, retaining aspects of its original settlement pattern and many Inca walls.
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